Principal Investigator ARC Archaeology, Resources & Culture
Sandra Gaskell, RPA, MS, MA Archaeology-Anthropology
SLP.D Candidate- Florida, Nova Southeastern 2009-2014
MS SLP Northern Arizona University
Archaeology, Cultural Resource Management, Environmental Planner, Industrial Design, Linguistics and Clinical Speech Therapy for Indian Health , Ethnobotany
enviro.design@yahoo.com, 209-222-8095
www.enviro-design.org
https://nova.academia.edu/SandraGaskell
www.arcresours.com
arcresours@gmail.com ARC Archaeology Resources & Culture
Mail: 2601 Oakdale Rd H2 117, Modesto CA 95355
SUMMARY
Recognized technical expert with twenty-eight years of professional experience including supervision, senior management, and project consultation that meets the Secretary of the Interior's Standards qualification requirements. Solid experience in development of team building achieving consensus between project-invested stakeholders and governmental regulations toward targeted deliverable. Solid experience in all phases of industrial design. Proficient with all standard design mediums and a professional fine artist since 1974. Integration of historic and current educational linguistics into tribal program development and archaeological field work. Planning department variance and zoning professional in cultural resource management and development of procedures for compliance in California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Native Graves and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), and Section 106 determination of significant impact.
DEGREES
SLP.D Candidate- in progress, expected completion 2014
MS - Northern Arizona University- Clinical Speech Pathology –2006-08
MS transfer- CSUFresno–Speech Pathology 2004-05
MS – CSU Stanislaus /Fresno Archaeology/Environmental Planning- 2004
MA – CSU Stanislaus Anthropology/ Geography - 2002
BA – Post-Baccalaureate CSUFresno Comm. Disorder-2003-04
MA - Mennonite Brethren Bibllical Seminary- Counseling-1977-78 partial completion
BA - CSU Stanislaus Art/Printmaking/Art History - 1977
HS - Grace M Davis Modesto California
PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS
2009-Present ASC Applied Speech Communication Clinical Director
2009 - 2011 Theracare California Speech Pathology Clinician
2010-Present TUSD Autism Speech Pathologist in Autism Program
2008-2010 TUSD Dual Immersion Educational Speech Therapist
2000-present Enviro-design Concepts Planning Consultant to Developers
2004-present ARC Professional Registered Archaeologist
2000-present Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation Tribal Linguistics Archives/Archeology
2008-present Turlock Unified School District Speech Therapist
2006-2008 Oakdale Joint Unified School District Speech Therapist
2005-2006 Merced County Office of Education- Speech Therapist
1986-2000 Arnold Mobile Glass & Sequoia Glass – Lic. Contractor
1983-1986 Claycomb Design – Zoning/ Variance research-designer and litigation-hearing rep
1979-1983 W.L. Gore Medical Products Division -medical Illustrator / Packaging / Regulatory
1973-1979 Joaquin Construction – Architectural Illustrator and Project Development zoning
CHRONOLOGY OF PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
2004-present ARC: Archaeology, Resources & Culture Principle Investigator Anthropology/ Archaeology and archival research : Archaeology Department responsibilities include but are not limited to: strategic planning for long term goal achievement for Southern Sierra Miwuk Tribe focusing upon use and management of natural resources contract archaeology. Forensic anthropology dealing with inadvertent finds, bank erosion, or human remains discoveries are returned to the Tribal Council according to the state and federal laws. Native American cemetery and burial areas monitoring throughout the GIS mapping quadrangles for Tribal territory.
2003-present Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation Tribal Archives and Archaeology
Zoning and variance hearing specialist: Advanced planning principles accepted practices, and techniques of planning and land use provided to customers to gain municipal approvals; high-rise, waterfront, shopping centers, strip malls and historic districts Municipal approvals varied by project, including zoning variances, easements, ADA compliance, visibility studies, and development of local sign ordinances. LInguistic mapping for the genealogical representation. Provide official archaeological research to determine existence of significant impact upon historic and cultural resources. Delivered architectural renderings, 3-D models and web design. All publications for clients are illustrated and mapped by the artist.
2003-present Speech-Language Pathologist- Educational speech and language therapy with multicultural language experience and training for administering speech and language services, evaluations, implementing appropriate treatment, documenting provision of care, utilizing support team and participating in special projects relating to indigenous language revitalization as well as work enforcing federal educational codes for special education.
2009 to Present ASC Speech, Modesto CA Clinical Director for Speech Pathology clinic opened in the summer of 2011 servicing medical and educational therapy
2009 to 2011 TheraCare, Inc. CA Private Clinician- LSVT LOUD, Voice Treatments, Stuttering/Dysfluency, Dyshagia, Pre-and-Post treatment counseling Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy, Pediatric and Adult therapy
1986-2000 Arnold Mobile Glass and Sequoia Glass – Lic. Contractor Glazing and historic architectural glass Owner / Contractor profitable glass manufacturing company beginning with Sequoia Glass and Arrow Glass company. Refocused business product line from multiple markets to specific automobile applications up to and including receiving a patent for development of an emergency response tool to be used in automobile accidents. Responsible for all aspects of for profit business including personnel management, fiscal management, budgetary operations, marketing and customer service. Heritage glass reconstruction and repair.
1983-1986 Claycomb Design – Principle designer and hearing representative Industrial Exhibit and Packaging Design contracting– Responsible for all aspects of for profit business. Product focus industrial design, exhibit packaging, food processing pkg. Owned complete machine shop utilizing various materials and methods. Consultant to architectural & development clients, 12 Electrical Signage Firms; county code definition, conform wayfinding to ADA all types of facilities, landscape planning integration for environmental design
1979-1983 W.L. Gore Medical Products /Art Director/Packaging/Regulatory Assist. Facility Designer/ Medical Illustrator for FDA applications and surgical implants. Art Director Design team for three new plants, on site analysis through project completion. Duties: sterilization packaging product research and development, physician/hospital marketing training. Medical illustration and instructions for use manuals for new product surgical implantation procedures during trademark and product development.
1973-1979 Joaquin Construction/SignDesigns – Architectural Illustrator and Project Development Architectural Illustrator/Presenter- site location, analysis, project manager assistant. Package development products for zoning approvals, attend and present at county or state meetings, court appearances during complex zoning or variance compliance issues
PROFFESSIONAL LICENSES AND CREDENTIALS
RPA - Registered Professional Archaeologist #15296 - Sec. of Interior Standards
California Contractor #862592 Glazier (492954, 632137-1986-present-inactive)
SAA Society of American Archaeologist #67574963
SAA Society of American Archaeologist Native American Relations Committee 2011-2013
SCA Society of California Archaeology
Collaborative on Health and the Environment since 2002
ELAC Committee Secretary- English Language Acquisition Committee- OJUSD
School Site Council TUSD 2008-2010, 2012-14
CTC Speech Services Credential California
Arizona Speech-Language Pathology Credential-K-12
ASHA CCC Certificate of Clinical Competence
CSHA Cultural Diversity Committee- California 2010-2012 ( http://groups.yahoo.com/group/csha_diversity_committee/ http://www.csha.org/diversity.cfm
https://www.facebook.com/pages/CSHA-Diversity-Committee/698974876821710?ref=stream
Society American Archaeology Committee on Native American Relations 2011-2013
SLPA Credential #397-State of California SLH&A Board - Active status
SLPAB California- CRC - Clinical Rehabilitation Credential 18742
NHPRC Grants Reviewer – NARA (National Archives) 2004-2006
WAI - Western Archives Institute Certificate in Tribal Archives
SAA - Society of American Archivists-
IDSA - Industrial Design Society of American Professional Member
Spatial Analyst Certificate in Geographic Information Systems
Sierra Institute Herbalist Certificate (Advanced Herbalist Certificate)
PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS past and current
American Anthropological Association
American Association for Women Artists
American Botanical Society- Herbalist Guild
American Indian Council of Mariposa County, Inc.-Honorary Member
American Speech-Language and Hearing Association
APA American Planning Association
Archaeological Society of New Jersey (ASNJ)
Art Directors Club – Bay Area
California Speech-Language and Hearing Association
CHE - Collaborative on Health and the Environment-Individual Partner
Electronmicroscopy Society member
Graphic Artist Guild- since 1977/ ADAC San Francisco member
Museum of Northern Arizona Members Association
Society for American Archaeology/ Society of California Archaeology
Society for Medical Anthropology
Society of Conservation GIS-ESRI
Upper Merced River Watershed Council – Executive Committee (past)
Wah-ho-gah Cultural Center Committee, Yosemite, CA
PROJECTS & AWARDS
2013 Grant recipient ESRI GIS software grant of the ArcView 10.1 along with Planet Action grant participation
2013 Grant recipient California Volumes of the Blue Book Physicians Directories Access
2013 Continue Wah-ho-ga Committee Plan of Action re-enter since 2010 participation for preparation of documentation
2012 Tribal GIS continue mapping sacred sites and participation in the FGDC federal standards review committee Washington D.C.
2011 Addendum Synthesis Federal Recognition Documentation Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation
2010 Tribal Archaeologist collaboration for FERC relicensing with regard to recording Traditional Cultural Properties within the Merced Irrigation District, GIS for Sacred Sites, Archaeological interpretation and historic preservation
2010 Private client riparian/ Corp of Engineers frontage archaeological Phase I survey Contra Costa County
2010 Private client agricultural acreage archaeological Phase I survey and ethnography Stanislaus County
2009 Private Client 206 acres Lot Adjustment Contra Costa County CA Archaeological Evaluation and Project Report History and Finding of No Significant Impacts Statement, ARC Archaeology, Modesto, CA
2009 Tribal Consultant for FERC preparation of ethnographic report for Historic Fisheries on the Merced and Treaty M, N, and E River Miles submitted to FERC, Washington D.C. September 2009.
2009 Roundhouse Design Construction Drawings Submissions for the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation, to the Yosemite Fund in Yosemite CA
2009 GIS Database Implementation for Tribal Sacred Sites Inventories for various Tribal concerns
2008 Milton Road - Stanislaus County, Calaveras County - Archaeological Surveys and Reports- Private individuals
2008 Wah-ho-gah Village survey team and Tribal participant NPS Yosemite, CA
2008 Midpines Ca - Mariposa County - Archaeological Surveys and reports for Private Individuals
2004-Present Osteological Inventory projects - NAGPRA Repatriation Documentations- Tribal
2007 Wah-ho-ga Village Project MGR-Management partner AICMC, CSUF, NPS
2006 Wah-ho-ga Village Pre-Archaeology Mapping Project Design and Funding Presentations
2005 Wah-ho-ga Village Postcard fundraising & Poster fundraising (see website)
2005 Society of Microscopists Association Participant-electronmicroscopy and nuclear applications (photography)
2004 Research Fellowship UWM University Milwaukee Wisconsin/John S. Best American Geographic Society Fellow
2004 Medical Speech Pathology Council of California logo in print and on the web (see Power Point portfolio) seminar participant
2004 Distinction Award CSU Stanislaus- 3.9 GPA
2003- US Patented Safety Device 6,543,117 BI --April 8, 2003 (filed February 1998) Automotive Industry
2003 Internship for California Indian Heritage Center, Assistant Museum Planner, ethnobotany of village structures
2003 California Indian Site Stewardship Program—Co-Trademark development acceptance
2003 Magnolia Mansion rendering and peripherals
2002 Distinction Award CSU Stanislaus- 4.0 GPA
CURRENT ILLUSTRATION AND PRESENTATION PROJECTS
Merced Public Range-City Council Nov 7th for CNRF and Merced Fish and Game
Indian Cultural Center – AICMC grant recipients for archaeology survey
Wassama Roundhouse Association Fundraising Partnership Campaign
Science Lab II scoping for building design CSU Stanislaus
Traditional Cultural Property resources illustrations- a historic preservation grant
Perpetual Funding Patent Promotional literature for CNRF
Security Enclosure for the USFS Bower Cave preliminary archaeological scoping
Archival Electronic Scanning and Preservation work in Yosemite Archives
Power Points for Cultural Resources projects for private and public entities
Court document visual development for private litigations using GIS and art
Collections Manual development and editing for the California Collections CIHC
Collections and Loan policy formation People Center, Karuk Tribal Curator
NAGPRA handling procedures for special collections- physical inventories
Natural Resources Inventory for mapping the materials for baskets, crafts & regalia
Various CRM research proposals and presentations
COMMUNITY AND REGION INVOLVEMENT
HISTORIC STRUCTURES AND REHABILITATION PROJECTS
Design research for the reconstruction of the Yosemite Ahwahne Roundhouse with Asst. Museum Curator for compiling records and reporting on the methods, timelines, and materials for the AICMC, Inc.
Wassama Roundhouse Association – Consultations over years for the roof repairs and rehabilitation contractor bids – begin the records search for the cememtery boundary investigation and archaeological investigations by the State Parks
Historic research for Roundhouse locations in Yosemite Valley and along the ancient trails within an 80 mile radius of Yosemite Valley – initial investigation began in the archives of the Asst. Museum Curator YNP- results of this research housed in the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation Tribal Archives
Union Hall, Dividing Creek, New Jersey – documentation and historic site research for preservation and historic site registration by the attorney for the Union Hall
T. B. King Homestead, Dividing Creek, New jersey – Historic recreations and family genealogy of the King Family Trust – Descendants of the Lenopi Farmers of Southern New Jersey between the Cohansey River and the Maurice Rivers consisting of open space ancient corn field clearings according to plantation traditions before 1688
Dividing Creek covered bridge – historic research – the bridge was replaced by a steel structure around 1907 for the trolley system.
Master Oyster Basketmaker Lodge/Factoy – the home of Noah Newcomb at the T. B. King Homestead, historic research and photo-inventory of the lodge, the manufacturing techniques, and the material harvesting in the surrounding Bear Swamp regions of Southern New Jersey – the historic trolley system transfer station was located at the site of corner lodge of Noah Newcomb.
Theatre Conversion, Sunset Blvd. – for Guitar Center, LA – sound studio and stage preserved within structure for compliance – 1983
Magnolis Mansion rehabilitation project initiation ad research for presering elements of the sanitorium complex while converting the property into an educational building
Angels Camp High School Gymnasium – rehabilitation of the 1940s structure for fire code compliance and upgrades – 1990-1991
The Manuel House, Arnold, CA – owner of the structure from 1996-2001 – renovation and rehabilitation of the original General Store and Payroll Office for the local lumber companyn operating in Arnold during the late 1800s.
The McElligott House – Mariposa CA – the structure was raised in 1982 after a structure fire – redesign and reconstruction by Roger Stevens Engineering and Gary Tsantz Construction- Archaeological investigations and records of the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation Tribal Archives.
Odd Fellows Hall Coulterville , CA – Historic preservation and repairs for the rehabilitation and preservation of poured glass and features
Exchequer Dam, 1857 – research for the Salmon-context indigenous structures located nearby from the memories of descendants spear fishing there twice a year ending in the 1930s. Work recovering and recording oral history regarding Great-Grandparent activities beginning 1916 and memories from oral tradition.
Goff Family Homestead and Cemetery – research and recording of the locations of historic structures for the Merced Falls family members of the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation
Shaws Flat School, Sonora CA, Columbia School District – rehabilitation construction contract after a series of vandalism assaults upon the historic property – also compliance for fire codes – late 1800s structure
The Biltmore Hotel, Los Angeles Downtown property – interior wayfinding and fire code ADA – redesign historic charater – team participant in the rehabilitation project in 1983-84
Los Angeles Zoo- Griffith Park wayfinding rehabilitation for Zoo Board through Animated Informaiton Systems, LA 1984
Historic Commission Signage Code structuring for the downtown, Flagstaff, AZ 1980-81
Knights Ferry, CA family homestead delineation and cemetery research for the three Indian Villages located within the town boundaries – for private individuals
California Indian Heritage Center site location research team participant 2003-2005 – site visits, Task Force meetings and indigenous stake holders interviews
SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND SPECIAL CARTOGRAPHIC PROJECTS
TRIBAL ARCHIVIST & LEAD RESEARCHER IN TRIBAL OFFICE
•Negotiate Memorandum of Agreement for County base layers with Mariposa County Planning (MOA)
•Design the Cultural Resource Management (CRM) GIS, write theory- spread sheets and project goals
•Train a technician for field research and retrieval in archives in CA State Library and NPS archives
•Data retrieval, spatial source data and research to convert hard copy to electronic
•Convert “Access” attribute tables of artifact inventories links to polygons of 254 village sites in reconfirmed territorial linguistic boundaries
•Consultation with collaborative managers on aspects of a CRM Tribal Database
•2005 user Arcview 9.x in-house-(2002-3.x; 2003-8.x) licensed user
•Data consolidation/conversion of agency data sets-normalizing data fields
•Manual key-boarding from hard copy- plotting of over 8,000 attributes with temporal data from 7.5 maps for center point locations
•Manual key-boarding for polygonal layers and line layers in unmapped ranchland and forest areas for cultural resource mapping of routes, trails, animal migration, and village locations
•Field capture of coordinates after errors were detected for verifications in old agency records
•Field verifications where UTM Northings and Eastings were reversed
•Development of an Incremental Conversion Plan in historic map archives
•Full size scanned original 1800’s map document inventory for maps
•Buffer calculation research using comparative analysis of 300 village sites
GIS CONSULTANT TO PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT
•Consultant and planning presentations for complex cultural preservation issues
•Private development zoning and variance hearing presentations commercial and agricultural
•Natural resources research and analysis: converting geospatial data to 3D models
•Georeferenced biological inventory for a watershed use district
•3D landscape reconstructions from satellite images and ground photographs
•remote sensing and orthophoto georeferenced for use in visibility study & viewshed analysis
•Data preparation and research for an epidemiological study
•Watershed technical consulting for database implementation
•Mitigation monitoring data control and georeferencing of temporal data and metadata fields
•Archaeological coordinate terraine base location identification from aerial photos to UTM through translation algorithm provided by others
•Conversion of SPSS (collected social science data) into attribute tables for use in demographic polling activity
•Edgematching clean-up editing for small number of parcels surveyed in 1850 for greater clarity during research analysis
CIHC CALIFORNIA INDIAN HERITAGE CENTER
Assistant Curator /Internship - CIHC California Indian Heritage Center, Sacramento, CA
•Archival research georeferenced (historic maps) and translated from Spanish Land Grant data
•Research into the 1851 Treaties with the California Indians for interpretation of geospatial data and plotting specific Treaty areas to compare with Congressional maps from the period
•Data collection using GPS for three possible museum garden sites to create comparative attribute tables for agency site analysis
•Biological inventory of medicinal plants: data collection with GPS; plotting; then density calculations for the populations.
LECTURES, PRESENTATIONS, and PARTICIPATION
https://nova.academia.edu/SandraGaskell
2014 Honoring the Sovereign Rights and Traditional Knowledge of the Seven Affiliated Tribes of the Yosemite Region: the Rights of Construction Design for Ancient Architecture Wah-ho-ga Village Roundhouse Traditional Ceremonial Structure; in Archaeology of the Sierra Nevada. Visalia, CA; The Society of California Archaeology 2014 Annual meeting.
2014 Cultural and Linguistic Competence: A Guide for the 21st Century Clinician: in California Speech-Language and Hearing Association 2014 Annual State Convention. San Francisco, CA; Symposia presentation.
2010-2013 Indigenous Language Project: Models for integrating the Speech Language Pathologist; Introduction for Edgarita Long, Ph.D., CCC-SLP and Kenneth Tankersly descendant of Sequoyah. Diverse Voices, March 2013 Issue.
2012 Society of California Archaeology - Northern Data Sharing. Sandra Gaskell, ARC Resources and Eric Allison, CHRIS Coordinator – “Developing National Sensitive Data Transfer Standards: The FGDC. “National Park Service, Washington D.C. Collaborative. October 6, 2012, Point Reyes National Monument
2011 Society of American Archaeology, Sacramento, CA. "Enriching Archaeological Studies: The Contributions of Rock Art to the Archaeological Understanding in the Prehistoric Western United States and the Pacific Rim " Session title: Family Routes and Yosemite American Indian Pictographs. Sacramento, CA
2011 Abstract accepted: Society of American Archaeology, Sacramento, CA. "Enriching Archaeological Studies: The Contributions of Rock Art to the Archaeological Understanding in the Prehistoric Western United States and the Pacific Rim " Session title: Family Routes and Yosemite American Indian Pictographs
2011 SCA Session title: Family Routes and Yosemite American Indian Pictographs
2011 ESRI UC- Mapping the Off-Reservation Settlements of the Yosemite Treaty Tribes: Allotment History of the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation
2010 Indigenous Mapping Network presentation on Fisheries and Treay M, N, & E of the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation- Seattle WA- Tribal mapping group
2010 ESRI UC Internaitonal paper : Indigenous Fisheries of the Southern Sierra Miwuk Yosemite Treaty Tribes River Miles
2010 ESRI UC International paper: Real Time Mapping, Populating Boundaries of Yosemite California Treaties
2010 ESRI UC Tribal GIS Map Gallery submission and display of project in public internaitonal mapping gallery of the boundaries of the California Treaties M, N, and E
2010 March - Society of California Archaeology Paper Presentation: Indigenous Fishermen, Material Culture, and Historically Managed Along the Sierra Nevada Southern Sierra Miwuk Yosemite Treaty River Miles
2010 March Society of California Archaeology Paper Presentation: Real Time Mapping, Populating Boundaries of Yosemite California Treaty Tribes
2009 July- ESRI Tribal Map Gallery Map submission on display in the Tribal Map Gallery
2009-July- ESRI UC International- Tribal GIS Protocol for Using Standard Tables Across Cultural Identifying Factors
2009- July- ESRI UC International- Five Decades of Historic Archaeology and Cultural Sites of Wah-ho-ga, Yosemite, CA
2009 March-Society California Archaeology - Five Decades of Historic ARchaeology, Cultural, Material, and Sacred Sites of Wah-ho-ga (Ca-Mrp-305) Yosemite, CA
2009 March -Society California Archaeology - Village Delineation and GIS Buffers Using the Elements of the Environment
2009 March-Society California Archaeology - Tribal GIS Protocol for Using Standard Tables Across Cultural Identifying Factors
2008 NorCal Finals Simple Machines Asst. Event Coordinator Science Olympiad held at UC Merced
2008 Regional Science Olympiad Coach Elementary level (team placed 7th position out of 18)
2008 Wah-ho-gah Village Archaeological investigations- Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation-continuing
2007 OJUSD "Dinner with a Scientist: Speech-Language Pathology, Environmental Science and Cultural Resource Management Archaeology" - presentation for district science students
2007 Northern California Data Sharing Meeting of the Society of California Archaeology, November 10, Columbia Junior College. "Village Environments and Archaeology of Family Use District Watershed Delineation: GIS CRM Map of the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation."
2007 Participant in the Navajo Nation Government Forum-Flagstaff, AZ with observation participation in the Navajo archaeological program offices.
2007 GIS Consultation program- SHPO presentation to Tribal Officers - grant application for digitizing archaeological data stored in Sacramento and other Information Centers--initiated due to the Levee conditions and initiated through the FEMA funding available after Katrina archival issues.
2006-2008 AZSITE governing body meetings Asst. Attorney General and GIS Board for the State of AZ digitized archaeological resources and archives database. Participation in ESRI GIS user group for the AZ chapters for replication of program into Tribal GIS Database usage.
2006 SOCIETY OF HISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY – Sacramento - Title of the General Session: “People on the Edge: The Cultural Shaping of the Western Landscape” a discussion of the Cultural Resource mapping project using Geographic Information Systems and visual representation of cultural data.
2006 ESRI UC Paper - Mitigation Monitoring for natural resources and the Material Economic Values for Cultural Resource Use. The Educational Path and the Genealogy on the Land where Material culture Teaches History
2005 WAH-HO-GAH VILLAGE YOSEMITE - Project Partner – Scope of Work for the Archaeological Survey: Team archaeologist and artist with responsibility for archival research and forensic reconstructions of lifeways present during each decade of the site from 1850 to the present time. 23 foot long panorama partially complete.
2005 GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY - Presenter, Philadelphia, PA, Session 1: Native Plant Gathering Along the Village Chain Routes of Yosemite Genealogical Family Use Districts; Session 2: Plants, Farming, Oystering: Maurice River Coast Salt Marsh
2005 ESRI UC CONFERENCE SAN DIEGO - Native Plant Gathering Along the Village Chain Routes of Yosemite Genealogical Family Use Districts; GIS database sharing in the ESRI international Educational Conference, July 23, 2005
2004 UC DAVIS ETHNOBIOLOGY CONFERENCE - Ethnomedical Journal and Southern Sierra Miwuk Native Plant Guide –Compiling a Regional Historic Medical Overview – Culture Mapping
2004 UC BERKELEY STABILIZING INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES - Southern Sierra Miwuk Naming Inventory ( Nouns, Objects, Place-name) : the Geographic Information System Cultural Resource Mapping Project
2003 ETHNOHISTORY CONFERENCE - Presentation to Dr. Sylvia Broadbent in the Rupert Costo Library, UC Riverside by the descendants of Ahwahneechee informants documented by Dr. Broadbent during her field work in 1954-1964.
2003 18TH ANNUAL INDIAN CONFERENCE AND GATHERING – CABRILLO COLLEGE - Native Plant Gathering Along the Travel Ways within the Traditional Cultural Properties of Yosemite Genealogical Family Use Districts
2001 16TH ANNUAL INDIAN CONFERENCE AND GATHERING Sacramento - Native Land Claims in Yosemite, a panel with Julia Parker, a 50 year Native resident of Yosemite Valley, and two thesis presentations by Sandra Gaskell, CSU Stanislaus and Stella Mancilla, CSU Sacramento
2001-2004 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT - CSU Foundation Project Presentations- CSU Stanislaus – Science II Lab, Magnolia Mansion, CSU Track Facility
2002-2004 CSU ART DEPARTMENT STANISLAUS - Direct Instruction to Art Credential Program Students: Reverse Glass Painting curriculum and practicum summer session guest lecturer for Dr. Werness ART 4870 World Crafts
2001, 2003, 2004 YOSEMITE RESEARCH PROJECT - President, research for the American Indian Council of Mariposa County, Inc. An agreement for collaboration was signed with the tribe on Nov. 15, 2001 research to the tribal archives.
1996-2000 ARTS EDUCATION PRIVATE SCHOOL - Arts Curriculum and Enrichment Program Instructor nine week sessions for Cornerstone Christian School, Tuolumne, CA- a home school charter with 300 participants
2001-2003 STARS ARTIST - Direct Instruction and projects Stanislaus County Schools and Modesto City Schools K-8
1974-1975 MODESTO HIGH SCHOOL - Internship through Mennonite Seminary Masters Field Work in cultural studies- Liaison, Youth Counseling – on campus support for the Principal, and direct club “Chi Alpha” on Monday Nights
1974-1975 MODESTO CITY SCHOOLS / DOWNEY HIGH - Art Instructor, Gifted Arts Program at two campuses (6th grade gifted artists)
RESEARCH PAPERS, MANUALS, REPORTS, AND PUBLICATIONS:
Current Publications
Gaskell, Sandra, Johnson, Danette, & James, Les (2014). Honoring the Sovereign Rights and Traditional Knowledge of the Seven Affiliated Tribes of the Yosemite Region: the Rights of Construction Design for Ancient Architecture Wah-ho-ga Village Roundhouse Traditional Ceremonial Structure; in Archaeology of the Sierra Nevada. Visalia, CA; The Society of California Archaeology 2014 Annual meeting.
Gaskell, Sandra, (2014) Citation in “Families from Native American Backgrounds” in Multicultural Students with Special Language Needs Fourth Edition by Celeste Roseberry-McKibbin, Oceanside, CA; Academic Communications Associates. [Speech-language pathologists supporting indigenous language American Indian credentialed teachers. The CSHA Newsletter-Diverse Voices, available from http://www.csha.org/diversity.cfm
Gaskell, Sandra, Norton, Pamela, Maul, Christine, Ward, Elisabeth, & Carias, Sofia (2014). Cultural and Linguistic Competence: A Guide for the 21st Century Clinician: in California Speech-Language and Hearing Association 2014 Annual State Convention. San Francisco, CA; Symposia presentation.
Gaskell, S. (2013). Understanding the Relationship Between Air Quality, Seasonal Effects on the Environment: A Differentiation of the Causes of Vocal Function Disorders When Compared to Air Quality Data, and the Relationship Between the Severity of Symptoms of Laryngeal Disturbances Involving the Oropharynx. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation-in progress). Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL.
Gaskell, S. (2013). Indigenous farmworkers and vocal function disorders. Diverse Voices, March 2013 Issue, California Speech-Language Hearing Association.
Massaro, D., Warlamont, A., Carreira-Perpinan, M., & Gaskell, S. (2013). Intelligent Low Cost Speech Therapy on Mobile Devices. Santa Cruz, CA; CITRIS Investigation Proposal.
Gaskell, S. (2013) Indigenous Language Project: Models for integrating the Speech Language Pathologist; Introduction for Edgarita Long, Ph.D., CCC-SLP and Kenneth Tankersly descendant of Sequoyah. Diverse Voices, March 2013 Issue.
Dissertation Concept Paper 2012
Speech-Language Pathology Doctoral Dissertation topic paper in the field of Science Communicative Disorders Proposal: Understanding the relationship between air quality, seasonal effects on the environment: A differentiation of the causes of vocal function disorders when compared to air quality data, and the relationship between the severity of symptoms of laryngeal disturbances involving the oropharynx in the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (SJVAPCD).
Thesis Project 2008
Master of Science Communicative Disorders Proposal: Cross-cultural Generation Comparison within the Delineation of Dialectic Influences: Miwuk-English, Yokut-English, and Paiute-English. (Emphasis: through phonetic transcription/comparison across populations and age groups, using historic and current sound recordings, define the dialectic influences as they relate to the geography of religion and population movement with inferences in educational development of the current student population. This research is based upon village occupancy and stability of indigenous population base confirming federal acknowledgement continuity.)
Thesis 2005
Master of Science Interdisciplinary Studies: Applied Ethnobotany; Law, Health and Sacred Sites Resources. (Emphasis: Archaeological Sites with Roundhouses and the Agricultural Biology, Medicinal Plants and Demographics of Village Life in five known Class I villages. The hypothesis was to match the ancestral and current plant users of the villages) Fresno CA, Turlock CA
Thesis 2003
Master of Arts Interdisciplinary Studies: Interpretive Artistry: Landscape of Anthropological Myth - the Southern Sierra Miwuk Geography of Religion. (Emphasis: compiling roundhouse/Captain village location data for demographic and ethnobotanical gathering plan documentation. Federal Acknowledgement research for Tribal attorneys was compiled and the Geographic Information System design implementation. The results of this study influenced how government in the YNP consulted with local sovereign nations). Turlock, CA.
CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
2013
Ferguson Slide APE CalTrans Report on Culture Code Family Use Routes for the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation Cultural Resources Geographic Information System and Biological Inventory of Ethnographic Plant Use. Unpublished Manuscript and Record Forms submitted to State of California Department of Transportation.
Peripheral Brochures and Manuals for the Seven Affiliated Tribes Traditional Ceremonial Structure construction process report and response to the Director regarding the Wah-ho-ga 1980 project
2012
2012 Pacific Gas & Electric Traditional Cultural Properties Tribal Response for the FERC Submissions at the Merced Falls location for the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation Consultation.
2012 Confidential Draft Archaeological Reconnaissance and Cultural Resource Survey of Hillside Park Court, Daly City, San Mateo County, California. Unpublished Manuscript and Record Forms.
2011
Gaskell, S. (February 2011) Map Development collaboration for the Google Earth Private Use Tribal Geo-database Mapping Project for Dimensional Visualization Map of the Draft Synthesis of Populaiton Movement & Lineage Family Use Tracts to accompany the documentation submission to the OFA.
Gaskell, S. (2011). Family Routes of the Yosemite American Indian Pictographs. A paper presented to the SAA, Sacramento, CA.
2010
Gaskell, S. (December 2010) Draft Synthesis of Population Movement & Lineage Family Use Tracts Defined by Roundhouse Locations. - Narative for "Populating the Boundaries of the Yosemite California Treaties Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation"
2010 Confidential Draft Cultural Resources Survey Orwood Resort, Brentwood, CA, Contra Costa County, California. Unpublished Manuscript and Record Forms.
2010 Confidential Draft Cultural Resources Survey for Adjustment (Split) Vaquero Farms Brentwood, Contra Costa County, California. Unpublished Manuscript and Record Forms.
2010 Confidential Tribal Narrative for the Merced Irrigation District Hydroelectric Project FERC Project No. 2179 Comments, Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation, Yosemite-Mariposa, California as revised for the Pre-Application Document (PAD) Questionnaire. Mariposa, CA.
Revised 2010 Records Management Manual of the Southern Sierra Miwuk aka American Indian Council of Mariposa County Tribal Archives. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished internal document for the Board of Directors for the AICMC, Inc.
Gaskell, S., Johnson, D., Martin, M., & Brochini, A., (2010). Indigenous Fisheries of the Southern Sierra Miwuk Yosemite Treaty River Miles. A Paper Presented to the Tribal GIS Section of the ESRI User Conference, San Diego, CA, July 13, 2010.
Gaskell, S., Johnson, D., Martin, M., Hogan, W., & Brochini, A., (2010). Indigenous Fishermen, Material Culture, and Historically Managed Fisheries Along Sierra Nevada Southern Sierra Miwuk Yosemite Treaty River Miles. A Paper Presented for the Society of California Archaeology Annual meeting; Riverside, CA, March 18, 2010.
Indigenous Fisheries of the Southern Sierra Miwuk Yosemite Treaty Tribes River Miles, Unpublished paper for the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation submitted to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission December 2009.
Real Time Mapping, Populating Boundaries of Yosemite California Treaties, Unpublished paper GIS design for the mapping project of Treaty M, N, & E for the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation GIS village database.
Various archaeological survey reports for private clients
2009
Five Decades of Historic Archaeology and Cultural Sites of Wah-ho-ga, Yosemite, CA. Published online for the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation, at http://proceedings.esri.com/dvd/uc/2009/uc/papers/pap_1314.pdf
Tribal GIS Protocol for Using Standard Tables Across Cultural Identifying Factors, published online for the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation at http://proceedings.esri.com/dvd/uc/2009/uc/papers/pap_1313.pdf
Village Delineation and GIS Buffers Using the Elements of the Environment, Unpublished paper GIS design document for the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation
Various archaeological survey reports for private clients
2007-2008
Various archaeological survey reports for private clients
2006
Village Management Profiles: Genealogical Census Compilations for Quadrangle Villages. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished hardcopy base maps with procedural manual, Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation Archives.
Oysterbasket Technology: Turkey Point, New Jersey. Mariposa, CA; research and compilation for King Family collections. Pamphlet and interpretation literature.
Research for Historic Indigenous Populations of Knights Ferry, Roberts Ferry, and La Grange California. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished cooperative effort hardcopy base maps with procedural manual, Southern Sierra Miwuk Archives.
AZSITE Consortium Transcription and Comments Flagstaff Meeting and Phoenix User Group- July 24-25. Flagstaff, AZ; MNA and ASU personal field notes and observations of the Governors Executive Order of standardizing cyber database for archaeological field surveys.
Wah-ho-gah Scope of Work: Ethnography 1930-1969. Summary submittal for the Wah-ho-gah Team in partnership with Chairman of the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation. Mariposa, CA; Team Associates Roger LaJeunesse, Helen McCarthy, Thad Van Bueren, Sandra Gaskell, and the American Indian Council of Mariposa County, Inc. with application to the National Park Service for contract number.
2005
Records Management Manual of the Southern Sierra Miwuk aka American Indian Council of Mariposa County Tribal Archives. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished internal document for the Board of Directors for the AICMC, Inc.
Gaskell, S. and Leo Carpenter (2005). State of California Collections Policy Manual Conditions for Outgoing Loans: 2010.12.5 through 2010.13.0, and Appendix C. Revisions and modifications for the California Indian Heritage Center Collections Policy Manual. Sacramento, CA; California State Museum.
Recognition Committee Task Force and GIS Framework for the Mariposa County Consultation Network: SB 18 Resources. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished internal document for the Southern Sierra Miwuk Archives.
Plants Along the Village Routes of the Genealogical Family Use Districts of the Yosemite Native Americans. Redlands, CA; ESRI UC Conference publications.
Mitigation Monitoring Manual for the Mycological Resources of Yosemite Valley. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished monitor guidebook; Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation Archives.
Bower Cave Security Proposal: The Entrance to Bower Cave- A Southern Sierra Miwuk Sacred Site. Mariposa, CA; unpublished internal document shared with the Mariposa County Board.
Pre-archaeology Mapping of Wah-ho-gah Yosemite Indian Village. Mariposa, CA; unpublished internal document preparation for the partnership of the Southern Sierra Miwuk with Dr. LaJeunesse and Dr. Pryor for the Roundhouse archaeological survey requirements.
2004
S. Gaskell and Brochini, A., (2004). Proper steaming of salmon at Exchequer Dam. In Cooking in Merced County: A Taste of History. Edited by Gaskell, S., Merced, CA; Merced County Historical Society by Sarah C. Lim.
Gaskell, S., P. Bagnod, S. Chapman, D. Johnson, and S. Engfer, (2004). Naming Inventory: Southern Sierra Miwuk. A Report and group presentation for the Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Conference, UC Berkeley, June 12, 2004.
Wahhogah: Field Notes and Records of Site Meeting with Archaeology Staff July 15, 2004. Yosemite, CA. Unpublished field notes for the American Indian Council of Mariposa County, Tribal Archives.
Treaty “M”: the Camp Fremont Treaty Geographic References. Modesto, CA, Unpublished Manuscript at the request of Ann Gilmore, Attorney California Indian Legal Services, Oakland, CA.
Technology and Attitudes: Identifying or Concealing Village Sites Through Tribal Confidentiality Methodology. American Indian Council of Mariposa County Tribal Archives Policy Review, Mariposa, CA, January.
Progress Report: Internship with the Indian Heritage Center, Sacramento. Paper for the Museum Planning Assistant.
Native Plant Guide: Listing of plant, description, illustration and uses by the Yosemite Native American Southern Sierra Miwuk, AICMC, Inc. (species update-herbarium sheets Brochini-CA-Mrp-250-photos and notes on El Portal surrounds). Mariposa, CA; Unpublished document , Tribal Archives.
Native Plant Guide: Listing of plant, description, illustration and uses by the Yosemite Native American Southern Sierra Miwuk, AICMC, Inc. (species update with maps Yawokachi, Wassama and Nochuchi). Mariposa, CA; Unpublished document Tribal Archives.
Native Cultivation and Village Relationships to Gathering Areas: contact era village structure and permaculture for research design of Indian Heritage Center. Sacramento, CA; Unpublished field notes and records for Leo Carpenter, Assistant Museum Planner in resources building- on-going.
Herbal Supplement Policy: A Nutritional, Agricultural, or Pharmaceutical Issue? The DSHEA, the NIH, and the NCCAM and the Effects on Cultural Ethnobotany. Modesto, CA, Unpublished research in CSU Stanislaus, PSCI 4315 Spring 2004.
Compilation of Village Structure and Ethnobotanical Resource Lists. Sacramento, CA; Unpublished project for the Indian Heritage Center and Museum Planner.
A Compilation of Pictographs, Petroglyph, Trails, and Villages in the Southern Sierra Miwuk Range with Linguistic and Geographic Reference. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished field notes and records compiled for GIS Oral History project in the Tribal Archives.
Native Plant Guide: Turkey Point and Vicinity Unilachtigo Plant Use of the Sewapois Region of Southern New Jersey. Dividing Creek, NJ; The King Family Trust and Sandra King-Gaskell.
2003
Gaskell, S., and Leonard, B., (2003). Native Plant Gathering and the Annual Traditional Ancestral Walk Over the Sierra Nevada Yosemite to Mono. A cartographic and pictorial presentation of various traditional family routes. Salinas, CA; Cabrillo College presented at the 18th Annual Indian Gathering and Conference, October.
Valley Village Vegetation Archeological Site Listings as per plants in Site Surveys for Yosemite Valley with Comparisons to Tribal Site listings. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished paper for the Tribal Archives, November.
Transcription of the Traditional Tribal Cultural Site Protection Meetings in Governor Davis’s Council Room, April 15, 2003. Sacramento, CA. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished paper, AICMC, Inc., Field notes Sacred Sites Inventory Collection.
The Importance of Linguistics in Plant Identification. Salinas, CA; A paper presented at the 18th Annual Indian Gathering and Conference, Cabrillo College, October.
Similarities in the Goals of Weed Mapping, Native Plant Biological Inventory, and Native American Gathering Plans. Unpublished paper, CSU Stanislaus, Agricultural Planning Issues, November.
Patent Number 6,543,117 BI, April 8, 2003- safety device http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/patog/week14/OG/html/1269-2/US06543117-20030408.html
Mushrooms are a Unique California Commodity; with a chapter on the implications in Native American gathering of mushroom. Unpublished paper; CSU Stanislaus, Agricultural Planning Issues, November.
Mariposa County Cultural Resource Issues: Scope and Philosophy CRM Overview. Unpublished paper modified for use as a consultation tool in the Tribal offices; CSU Fresno Cultural Resource Management, April.
Grandad: the Greater Viewshed. A record of the archaeological unit level record and ethnohistory of “Palaci” in Mariposa County. Mariposa, CA; Report for CSU Fresno Archaeology, Fresno, CA.
Campaign for Wassama Roundhouse Association Draft Concept Design. Ahwahne, CA; Wassama Roundhouse Association fundraising document for use in Madera County Planning and the Department of Parks and Recreation, November.
2002
Discovery Generation Territorial Delineation, Demographics for GIS mapping of Yosemite Valley Villages of the Southern Sierra Miwok Nation, 1850-1930. American Indian Council of Mariposa County. Yosemite and Mariposa, CA. Unpublished paper presentation for Southern Miwuk Traditional Routes and Plant Resource Gathering. A panel discussion at the Ethnobiology Conference, UC Davis, March, 2004 for the AICMC Recognition Committee.
Tribal Resources Zones 4,5,6, & 7, East Valley Resources Data, Sacred Sites Inventory. Mariposa, CA; provided for East Valley Undertakings by the AICMC, Inc. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished document.
Territorial Hardcopy Mapping of Fifty-five 7.5 Quadrangle maps and resource information: Village inventory of the 254 Ethnographic Villages of the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation. Mariposa, CA; Enviro-design records- with archaeological site references; Unpublished maps and reference literature.
The Wah-ho-gah Village (Yosemite Indian Village) Tribal Occupants Registry Masterlog Survey of Village Residents. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished internal document for the AICMC, Inc.
Sacred Sites Inventory: Village Vegetation, archaeological site recorded inventory listed by village site reference number. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished document in Tribal Archives for the AICMC, Inc.
Restoration Ecology & Maintenance Concepts; the design, research and implementation of the territorial gathering plan & the report for partnership design with Yosemite National Park East Valley Undertakings. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished document in the Tribal archives.
Research for the Roundhouse Materials Delineation and Structural Components: part of the Sacred Sites Inventory AICMC, Inc. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished document in the Tribal Archives.
Plants, Land & People; Nomenclature and Resources; how the documentation of the territorial ethnobotanical resources of the tribal healers can be integrated into AICMC educational programs & Indian Health Center. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished document in the Tribal Archives explaining Indian Health’s role in the gathering plan.
Part I: Geographic Information System and the Southern Sierra Miwuk of Mariposa County. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished document, Tribal Archives.
Part II: Geographic Information System and the Southern Sierra Miwuk: GIS Cultural Resources Map Mariposa County and the American Indian Council of Mariposa County, Inc. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished document, Tribal Archives.
Native Plant Guide: Listing of plant, description, illustration and uses by the Yosemite Native American Southern Sierra Miwuk, AICMC, Inc. Species update. Wiskalah, Koomine, and Wetumtah cultural uses. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished document in Tribal Archives.
Mycological Evaluation and Mycorrhizal Survey of Lower Falls; a Mycological evaluation study plan for the Southern Sierra Miwuk outer territory and inner Valley village sites basis for gathering plan for MOA prompted by Lower Yosemite Falls Project. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished document for AICMC, Inc., CSU, Stanislaus summer internship project (Summer 2002) documenting Lower Falls and cultural uses; AICMC, Inc. archives.
Maps for Discovery Generation Territorial Delineation Demographics. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished maps.
Issues regarding recognition: Compilation of source data requirements for federal standards of administration. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished document for AICMC, compiled for Winter Term research CSU Stanislaus.
2001
Historical Evidences for Archaeological Investigations: Roundhouse Locations on the Yosemite Valley Floor and Evidences for Headmen of Class I Villages. Modesto, CA; Unpublished manuscript for the American Indian Council of Mariposa County.
GIS Cultural Resource Map Design for Mariposa County Sensitivity Map Buffer Layer. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished paper for the AICMC, Inc., Mariposa, California, Tribal offices.
Ethnomedical Journal; Vocabulary and Plant Use of the Yosemite Southern Sierra Miwuk Healers. Modesto, CA; Unpublished document.
Applied Ethnobotany: Sacred Sites Inventory of Native Plants: Cultural Landscape and the Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation Gathering Plan. Modesto, CA; preliminary report unpublished document for AICMC, Inc. presented to Dr Durbin thesis committee chair CSU, Stanislaus.
Sacred Sites Inventory; Village Occupancy by Yosemite Indians through Historic Evidences. Modesto, CA; Unpublished document.
Sacred Sites Inventory; Census Data, a compilation of Various Sources. Modesto, CA; Unpublished document.
Report for Yosemite Archaeology, Forensic Rock Art Reconstruction; Pate Valley Images. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished report and physical tracing on mylar in the Tribal archives. Internship in the Park through CSU Stanislaus anthropology.
Report for Yosemite Archaeology, Forensic Rock Art Reconstruction: Valley Images. Mariposa, CA; Unpublished repor and physical tracing on mylar in the Tribal archives. Internship in the Park through CSU Stanislaus anthropology.
Planning Issues I: Indian Cultural Center, Yosemite National Park, and the American Indian Council of Mariposa County. Modesto, CA; Unpublished report to the AICMC and California State University Stanislaus, Planning Issues in Geography.
Planning Issues II: Indian Cultural Center, Yosemite National Park, and the American Indian Council of Mariposa County. Modesto, CA; Unpublished report to the AICMC and California State University Stanislaus, Planning Issues in Geography.
Native Plant Guide: Listing of plant, description, illustration and uses by the Yosemite Native American Southern Sierra Miwuk, AICMC, Inc. Mariposa, CA; the original 893 species plant inventory. Unpublished document under construction.
Fieldwork in Ethnic Studies: Integration of Yosemite Native Americans into the National Park. Modesto, CA; Unpublished document.
COMMUNICATIVE DISORDERS AND LINGUISTICS
2005
Oral Myofunctional considerations of Injuries to the Head, Face, and Neck Among Domestic Violence Victims. Department of Communicative Disorders and Deaf Studies California State University, Fresno; CSD 210, Seminar in Orofacial Structural Anomalies, Dr. Wadsworth, Spring 2005.
Pharmacotherapy for Dissociative Disorders Common to Culture Bound Syndrome (CBS), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). A paper presented to Dr. Strongin Department of Psychology for Psychopharmacology, Turlock, CA, Unpublished manuscript.
Families from Native American Backgrounds: the Southern Sierra Miwuk Families of the Mariposa-Yosemite Region of Central California. Fresno, CA; Unpublished report, Speech-Language Pathology Multi-cultural Experiences, CSU Fresno, October 30.
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